PATRICK G. NAGLE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES WATER-PROOF

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 125, dated February 10, 1837

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, PATRICK G. NAGLE, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have discovered a new and useful Composition for Rendering Boots and Shoes Water-Proof, which is described as follows:

Take two pounds of balsam-copaiba, five pounds of the essence of the myrtle-tree, one pound of gum-copal, two pounds of rosin, three pounds of rendered suet. Cut all the hard substances into small particles. Put the whole into a large vessel and let the admixture boil for a few minutes until the ingredients become well incorporated together and converted into a paste.

Mode of application: When the boots are crimped, and while wet on the crimping-boards, lay on the paste, (it being warm at the time of applying the same.) In this state it will penetrate every part of the leather as it dries. The above is for the leg part of the boot. The following is for the bottom part of the boot: Take the above in a dissolved state, or a part of it, and apply a sufficient quantity of rosin, so as to make it into a thick paste, (the rosin to be melted.) Then lay it on in the usual way in which the workman puts on paste after sewing on the welt. In this manner the inner sole becomes prepared to resist water as well as the outer sole.

The discovery claimed by the subscriber, and by him desired to be secured by Letters Patent, consists in-

The before-described composition for rendering boots and shoes water-proof.

PATRICK G. NAGLE

Witnesses:

W. THOMPSON
WM. P. ELLIOT

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

ERASTUS FAIRBANKS AND THADDEUS FAIRBANKS, OF ST. JOHNSBURY, VERMONT

MODE OF CONSTRUCTING STEELYARD-BALANCES

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 120, dated September 22, 1832; Reissued February 10, 1837

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ERASTUS FAIRBANKS and THADDEUS FAIRBANKS, of St. Johnsbury, Caledonia county, and State of Vermont, have invented a new and Improved Method of Constructing and of Weighing by Means of Steelyard-Balances, and that the following is a full and exact description of our said improvement.

The main object had in view by us, was to adapt the balance more perfectly than has heretofore been done to those machines which are constructed for the purpose of weighing loaded wagons and other articles of great weight. But our improved balance is also applied to such ordinary weighing as is effected by means of instruments constructed on the principle of what is called Dearborn’s patent balance, when the same is used for ponderous articles.

We construct a balance in the general form above indicated, dividing the arm of the balance by notches for using a movable poise indicating any number of pounds, from one to one hundred, or from one to one thousand. In combination with the movable poise we use graduated weights suspended from the end of the balance indicating even hundreds or thousands of pounds. For the double purpose of obtaining an exact counter-poise to the platform, and of obtaining an equilibration of the beam itself, we affix to the beam a cylindrical or other formed weight, to be moved horizontally on a line elevated above the edge of the pivot by which the balance is suspended, and which forms the axis of its motion.

It is a principle well understood in the construction of the Dearborn balance, that the center of its gravity when suspended, must be very little below the edge of the sustaining pivot-that too great an amount of material above the horizontal range of that edge will occasion the beam to rise or fall indefinitely, while too great a weight of material below such horizontal range tends to settle the beam into an unyielding horizontal position, and to render it unsusceptible to the weight applied. The elevated position of the movable weight above described affords an opportunity, by selecting one of proper gravity to correct any defect in the operation of the balance, and to facilitate and perfect its equilibrium. Our usual method is to attach one end of a screw rod to a standard rising from the end of the beam; which screw rod extends along in the direction of the beam toward its fulcrum. Its inner end we usually turn down and curve, so that it may be fastened on one side of the beam, thus removing it out of the way of the hook of the movable poise. A cylindrical weight or ball is drilled through its center and tapped with a female screw, fitting and placed upon the screw rod. This it will be seen furnishes the means of regulating the balance with the utmost precision, and also of counteracting any variation in the weight of the platform. The rod and its weight stand a sufficient height above the beam to secure a horizontal equilibrium, and to allow the hook of the poise to pass under them. It is obvious to remark that the same effect may be produced by placing the weight at the other end of the beam at an equal elevation above the edge of the sustaining pivot. Or the beam may be so constructed as to place the weight on a horizontal line, below the edge of the sustaining pivot with the same effect.

We do not claim the movable weight attached to the beam, for the purpose simply of obtaining an exact counterpoise to the platform as heretofore used; but we do claim it in the positions above described, for the double purpose of obtaining an exact counterpoise to the platform, and of putting the beam into equilibrium.

ERASTUS FAIRBANKS
THADDEUS FAIRBANKS

Witnesses:
Luther Jeuett
Hiram Knapp

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

WILLIAM CROASDALE, OF HARTSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA

APPLICATION OF SPIRAL SPRINGS TO ELLIPTICAL OR BOW SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES OF VARIOUS KINDS

Specification of Letters Patent No. 116, dated February 3, 1837

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM CROASDALE, of Hartsville, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in the Construction of Elliptical or Double-Bow Springs for Carriages of Various Kinds; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

The springs are made and put together in the usual manner, my improvement consisting of a spiral spring, or spiral springs, which I interpose between the two bows of the elliptical spring, and sometimes, between the ends of the elliptical springs and the axle, and also the under side of the carriage.

In most cases I consider a single spiral spring sufficient; such springs I make of steel wire, of from eighth, to three eighths, of an inch in diameter, twisted with the coils open, and placed in the middle between the two bows, so as to extend from one to the other; the ends of the wire entering into holes prepared to receive them. I generally wind these springs with the coils each of the same size, when the outline will be cylindrical; but sometimes I wind them so that their outline may be that of a double cone joined at the smaller ends, and the coils then pass, more or less, one within the other, when pressed closely together. The outline may also be conical, or the spring may be bent in a zigzag form, or otherwise; but I deem the spiral best. If preferred, there may also be spiral springs placed under the ends of the elliptical springs, their lower ends bearing on the axletree, and sometimes, also, above the ends of the elliptical springs, extending up to, and bearing against, any suitable piece of timber attached to the under side of the carriage, or vehicle. Thus there may be four such springs without, while there may be two, or more, such springs, placed at suitable distances apart within the elliptical springs, so graduated as to adapt them to the double bow. The spiral springs thus placed, give greater elasticity and liveliness to the elliptical spring, and also tend to prevent its breaking.

What I claim as my invention, and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The adding to, and combining with, the elliptical, or double bow, springs, one, or more spiral springs, in the manner, and for the purpose, herein set forth.

WILLIAM CROASDALE

Witnesses:
THOS. P. JONES
A. L. McINTIRE

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

E. ROBINSON AND F. DRAPER, OF CAMBRIDGE, AND J. H. LORD, OF BOSTON,
MASSACHUSETTS

DOOR, COMMODE, &c., KNOB

Specification of Letters Patent No. 98, dated December 2, 1836; Antedated September 2, 1836

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ENOCH ROBINSON and FRANCIS DRAPER, both of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and JOSEPH H. LORD, of the city of Boston and Commonwealth aforesaid, trader, have invented and put in use a new and useful improvement in the manufacture of door, commode, furniture, and other knobs by which the knob is securely fastened to the plate or socket without any spindle or screw being inserted into the knob and which we call our “socket-knob,” which said invention is specified by us as follows, towit:

This improvement consists of a combination of the common knob, having a neck or shank between, and smaller than the head, and foot of the knob, with a socket or plate either made wholly or having an edge or ring made of some soft metal capable of being set around the foot of the knob by turning in a lathe or otherwise without the application of heat. This socket is cast or otherwise made with a face, corresponding in form to that of the foot of the knob, and with a perpendicular edge or ring of soft metal around the outside of a depth somewhat greater than the thickness of the foot of the knob, the foot of the knob is then to be inserted into the cup, thus formed by the face; and edge or ring of the socket, and the edge or ring is then to be turned down and let either in a lathe or otherwise close around the foot of the knob above the largest part of the foot so as to confine the knob closely and securely to the socket, or plate. If the use of the knob requires it, it may be made more secure from turning in the socket, by fitting the foot of the knob and the face of the socket together by a corresponding projection in the one and depression in the other, or by making the foot of the knob of some angular form with a corresponding hollow in the socket in the manner already practiced or otherwise.

We do not claim as our invention the knob properly so called, but admit that it has been known, and used before in the form mentioned, nor do we claim any part of the socket or plate except the edge or ring of soft metal after it is turned down, and set as aforesaid around the foot of the knob as a new means of combining the knob, and the socket; but our invention and improvement consists in

The combination of the knob with the socket by means of the said edge or ring of soft metal when turned down, and set around the foot of the knob, and we claim nothing more.

The said parts and the socket knob, when completed will be more fully understood by reference to the annexed drawing, in which-

No. 1, is the socket before the knob is inserted, No. 2, is the knob, and No. 3, is the socket knob after the same is finished, and ready for use.

In testimony that the foregoing is a true specification, and description of our said improvement, we have hereunto set our hands this twenty-second day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.

ENOCH ROBINSON
FRANCIS DRAPER
JOSEPH H. LORD

Witnesses:
GEO. I. F. ALLAGRE
FRANKLIN DEXTER

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

JAMES WOOD, OF ROCKLAND COUNTY, NEW YORK

ART OF MANUFACTURING BRICKS AND TILE

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 97, dated March 3, 1829; Reissued December 2, 1836

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES WOOD, of the county of Rockland, in the State of New York, a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Art of Manufacturing Bricks and Tile.

The process is as follows: Take of common anthracite coal unburnt such quantity as will best suit the kind of clay to be made into bricks or tile and mix the same, when well pulverized with the clay, before the same is molded. That clay which requires most burning will require the greatest proportion of coal dust. The exact proportion cannot therefore be specified but in general three fourths of a bushel of coal dust to one thousand brick will be correct. Some clay may require one eighth more and some not exceeding a half bushel. The benefits resulting from this composition are the saving of fuel and the more general diffusion of heat through the kiln by which the whole contents are more equally burnt, the process of burning is also accelerated by the coal dust. If the heat is raised too high the brick will swell and be injured in their form. If the heat is too moderate the coal dust will be consumed before the desired effect is produced; extremes are therefore to be avoided.

I claim as my invention-

The using of fine anthracite coal or coal dust with clay for the purpose of making bricks and tile as aforesaid and for that only claim Letters Patent from the United States.

Dated 9th. Nov. 1836
JAMES WOOD

Witnesses:
W. Silliman
Jauncy W. Troutman

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

ENOCH BURT AND GEORGE CARRIEL, OF MANCHESTER, CONNECTICUT

MACHINE FOR DUSTING RAGS

Specification of Letters Patent No. 93, dated November 28, 1836.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ENOCH BURT and GEORGE CARRIEL, of Manchester, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Machines in Common Use for Dusting Rags; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description.

We take a common screen or duster such as are in common use by paper makers, and having taken out of it the shaft, we cause it to revolve on gudgeons made fast to its heads by means of a flange, and bolts. We then place in the interior of the screen, and extending from end to end thereof, four agitators, these are small cylinders, about six inches in diameter in which are inserted pins in number, and length according to the degree to which the operator may choose to agitate the rags. The work will be done if the pins stand two feet from each other on the same cylinder. These revolve on gudgeons in metallic boxes made fast in the heads, and at one of their ends, the gudgeons extend so far through the head as to receive a small spur wheel on its end outside of the head. The gudgeons are set in the head on lines drawn through the center of the periphery at right angles with each other. Two of them on one of these lines are placed about one third the length of the radius of the screen from the center, and the other two about the same distance from the periphery of the screen. These agitators are put in motion by a stationary wheel made fast to the inside of the post that sustains the gudgeon of the screen, and this passes through its center. This stationary wheel has spur cogs both on its outer and inner periphery into which the small spur wheels on the gudgeons of the agitators gear, the two inner ones gear into the internal spur cogs of the stationary wheel and the two outer ones into the external spur cogs of said wheel. When the screen is put in motion, which is done by a belt and pulley or gear wheels upon its gudgeon, the small spur wheels on the gudgeons of the agitators travel around the stationary wheel as the planets around the sun, while each one revolves on its own axis (which is one of the agitators) with a velocity corresponding to the relative diameters of the small spur wheels, and that of the stationary one. We think that the proportion between them of three to one answers very well. By these agitators thus put in motion, the rags are driven in various directions with great rapidity, and whipped by the agitator pins, and thus speedily cleaned of all dust. The action on the rags may be increased or diminished by increasing or diminishing the velocity of the screen. This may be from ten to thirty revolutions per minute.

In this improved machine for cleaning or dusting rags we do not claim as our invention. The common screen, nor the cylindrical agitators, nor the wheels, nor the sun, and planet motion, nor indeed anyone part taken separately, but

We claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-

The aforesaid arrangement, and combination of the common screen or duster with the cylindrical agitators armed with pins rapidly revolving in various directions with the sun, and planet motion, constituting an improved machine for cleaning rags of dust for paper making.

ENOCH BURT
GEORGE CARRIEL.

Witnesses:
NORMAN BUCKLAND
BRADFORD BUCKLAND

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

NOAH J. SHULL, OF BENSALEM TOWNSHIP, BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

CULTIVATOR OR HOE-HARROW

Specification of Letters Patent No. 88, dated November 26, 1836.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NOAH J. SHULL of Bensalem township, in the county of Bucks, in the State of Pennsylvania, farmer, have invented or discovered a new and useful Improvement in Cultivators or Hoe-Harrows to Prevent them from Clogging or Choking; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same as invented or improved by me.

The cultivator or hoe-harrow as improved by me is so constructed, by attaching the hoes or teeth to the front ends or sides of the beams, or other parts of the cultivator or harrow (to which they are secured) that any straw, stones, or other substance which would otherwise choke, or clog up in front of the hoes or teeth will pass up over the upper ends thereof, and fall off from the cultivator or harrow. To effect this object the shanks or teeth are made so as to extend up across the front part of the frame to which they are attached, and the upper ends of said shanks are bent back over on to the top of the wood work or frame, to which they are secured by small bolts passed through the ends of the shanks of the hoes or teeth, and through the frame of the cultivator or harrow.

The front ends, or sides of the frame where the hoes or teeth are attached is so shaped, and the hoes or teeth so attached, that the front of the upright part or shank will incline back, so that straw, stones, or other substance will more readily pass over on to the top, to prevent the choking of the harrow.

The frame of the cultivator or hoe-harrow may be made in any convenient shape or form, provided it is so constructed that the hoes or teeth may be attached as above mentioned to the front end or sides of the different parts of the frame, that is, so that the frame or woodwork shall not extend in front, over the hoes, or teeth to render it liable to choke. It may be made as follows-let there be a sill or beam extending longitudinally through the center of the frame from the front end to the back, with a hoe or tooth attached to the front end in the manner above described. Passing through, or attached, and secured to said sill or beam, there will be cross pieces extending out a suitable distance each way therefrom. The cross pieces may be straight, with a hoe or tooth attached to the front side of the ends thereof in the manner aforesaid or the ends of said cross pieces may be bent or curved toward the front of the cultivator or harrow so that the hoes or teeth may be attached to the ends thereof, the same as the hoe or tooth on the front end of the main sill or beam. Such slats or braces as may be necessary to give the work sufficient strength will be placed in such places as the particular form, and construction of the other parts of the frame may render necessary. The hoes, or teeth may all be of the same size or dimensions; or for tilling corn, and for other similar purposes a part of them may be made large to act as small plows, and the other of the usual size. The stilts or handles, and the lever, and other appendages for regulating the draft may be fixed in the usual or in any other convenient manner.

The part claimed as an invention, discovery, or improvement is not the particular form or construction of the frame as that may be made in any manner which will admit of the above mode of attaching the hoes or teeth-but it is the above described form and made of constructing and attaching the hoes or teeth (whether large or of the common size, to act as plows or as cultivators) to the front ends or sides of the different parts of the frame, so that the frame or woodwork shall not extend in front, over said hoes or teeth.

The object intended to be attained by the plan above described is to prevent the liability to clog or choke, by straw, sticks, stones, or other substances gathering or catching on the front of the hoes or teeth under the frame or woodwork of the cultivator or hoe-harrow.

NOAH J. SHULL

Witnesses:
DAVID B. LEE
M. G. BRYANT

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

GEORGE PAGE, OF KEENE, NEW HAMPSHIRE

SPIRAL BIT WITH COUNTERSINK FOR SETTING SCREWS

Specification of Letters Patent No. 82, dated November 17, 1836.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE PAGE, of Keene, in the county of Cheshire and State of New Hampshire, have invented a new and useful machine or tool called the “spiral bit,” with countersink for setting screws, and that the following is a full and exact description of the construction and operation of the said machine or tool as invented by me.

The use of the spiral bit with countersink, for setting screws is at one operation to bore a hole into wood to receive the screw, which hole shall be of different sizes, one part fitting the body, and the other the thread of the screw intended to be set, and to countersink the wood, or metal to receive the head of the screw. The lower or small end is made like that of the common spiral gimlet, but less tapering, and the length of the part so made should be the same as that of the thread of the screw. The part just above (the length of which part should be the same as that of the body of the screw) is made like a twist bit with lips, or cutters where the two parts are united like those of a common auger. These cutters projecting a little, make a hole larger than the part below. Above this second part the tool to form a countersink, swells to the size of the head of the screw. Through this swell a hole is made, and cutting edges are formed by filing sharp two sides of the hole diagonally opposite to each other. These edges are rounded the middle projecting forward a little, when the tool is intended to be used to countersink holes in metal, spiral teeth should be filed upon the swell, no hole being made through it. The size, and length of the tool, and of various parts of it, should be according to the size, and length of the screw to be set, and the various parts of it. The shank may be either like that of a gimlet or bit, and the handle may be like that of a gimlet, or the shank may be used in a common bit stock.

I claim as my invention-

The countersink at the upper end of the bit part in the shape first above described, and the combination of the spiral gimlet; the twist bit, and countersink in one tool.

GEORGE PAGE

Witnesses:
T. W. EDWARDS
JOHN HATCH

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

AMASA SIZER AND GEORGE SIZER, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT

COMBINED GRIDIRON AND SPIDER

Specification of Letters Patent No. 78, dated November 14, 1836.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, AMASA SIZER and GEORGE SIZER, both of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, both native citizens of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Constructing a Machine or Utensil for Cooking, being a Combination of a Gridiron and Spider in one Instrument; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description.

The nature, and principle of our invention consists in uniting a gridiron with a spider in such manner that both may be used together or each separately at the same time as occasion may require, the juices of the broiling meat being conducted into the spider or when the spider is separately used, into a receiver placed within it.

To enable others skilled in the art to make, and use our invention we describe its construction as follows:

The form of our combined gridiron and spider may be square, circular, or oval when open for use, and when shut exhibiting a spider covered by the gridiron folded upon it, and forming a half square, or parallelogram, or a semicircle, &c.

The model deposited in the Patent Office is semicircular when folded.

The drawings accompanying this specification exhibit a square when open. They may be made of any kind of iron or other suitable metal, we prefer, and make them of cast-iron.

The spider and gridiron are each cast whole in separate castings, and are united in the following manner: The spider is formed with legs, and a handle as usual, and on each end of the spider around the corners of the side approaching the fire is a projecting ear, having a staple of wire set in the casting to receive the pintle or gudgeon of the gridiron, and on which it turns; near each of these ears is a spout on each end of the spider.

The gridiron part is cast in one piece with fluted bars, and rim, on the end of the bar, which joins the spider gudgeons or pintles are extended, which when connected with the spider enter the staples rising from the ears of the spider, and by means thereof the utensil is opened or folded at pleasure, on the end bars of the gudgeon near the joint and on the underside when open, we raise a stud or angular projection which resting on a projecting lip on the front of the spider prevents the gridiron from falling back too far, holding it on a plane inclined to the basin of the spider. When the spider, and gridiron thus combined are used, separately, and at the same time-a narrow tin-pan is placed under the edge of the gridiron, and within the basin of the spider to receive the drip from the gridiron, when folded it may be used as a chafing-dish or for other purposes.

Further illustration we refer to the model deposited in the Patent Office, and to the drawings with references accompanying this specification as part thereof.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is-

The combination of the gridiron, and spider, and the parts necessary to form a useful connection as above specified particularly the formation of the joint as above described, and the studs, and corresponding supports to hold the gridiron at proper elevation, and therefore they solicit Letters Patent according to law.

Dated at Meriden August 24th 1836.

AMASA SIZER
GEORGE SIZER

Witnesses:
JOHN MECOMEY
BARNARD COLLINS

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

JOHN BLACKMAR, OF BROOKLYN, CONNECTICUT

MACHINE FOR MAKING WEAVERS’ HARNESS

Specification of Letters Patent No. 61, dated October 20, 1836

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BLACKMAR, of Brooklyn, in the county of Windham and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Machines or Benches Used for Making and Constructing Weavers’ Harnesses; and the following is a full and exact description of the same.

The machine, or bench may be constructed in all essential respects like the machine or bench now in use for making heddles or harnesses for weaving, excepting the application of that principle which makes a part of said machine or bench susceptible of a rotary or revolving motion. This motion is thus obtained, as will appear from this description, and reference to the accompanying drawing. Let (A.) represent the bottom of the machine or bench which may rest on four legs, or otherwise; near the top of each of the studs or posts standing near each end of bottom of the bench (B.) let a hollow arbor or gudgeon (C.) be inserted; and into each of these gudgeons, let the rod (D.) be received. Thus the rod resting in the gudgeons, and the gudgeons passing through the arms (E.), and the arms made fast to the gudgeons, and they resting in the studs, will form an axle, which on the application of a slight force, at the pleasure of the operator will revolve carrying with it in its revolution the arms and the shafts F, on which the harness is constructed.

G represents a brace to hold or secure the rod, and the shafts in their appropriate places; and to keep them from sagging.

H represents slides, or thumb pieces to raise the binding twine (I.) from the shafts K, a spiral spring to hold the shafts in the position desired.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The revolving principle above specified, and described, whether the said revolving motion be obtained as above described, or in any other way, or manner.

JOHN BLACKMAR

Witnesses:
THOMAS BACKUS
DANIEL P. TYLER